|
1. The European power grid. Power systems and transmission system operators in
Europe. ENTSO-E statistics. The relevance of cross-border lines. Network
Codes, TYNDP.
Operational
requirements. Phenomena in power
systems (a brief overview). Power quality (a bried overview). System states,
system security.
System
states. Operating states. Remedial actions in
power systems.
2. Voltage and frequency dependency of loads. Static load models (ZIP). Frequency
dependency.
Load frequency control. Power balance in the power system. Load-frequency control, control
hierarchy. FCP, FRP and RRP characteristics. Control reserves. Time control.
3-4. Turbine-governor control, LFC.
Turbine governor
characteristics. The frequency containment process. The frequency restoration
process. LFC in details (responsibility principle). IGCC. Under-frequency
load-shedding.
5. Synchronous
machine models, modes of operation. The Up-Xd model. Operational states. Operational limits.
6. Practical
course - DIgSILENT I: Dynamic performance of a synchronous machine model and
its control devices.
7. Power
system stability. Swing equation. The equal
area criterion. Synchronizing power coefficients.
8. Voltage
control in power systems. Relation
between voltage and reactive power. Reactive power balance of transmission
lines. OLTC. FACTS.
Voltage
stability. The nose curve. Stability indicators.
9. Midterm
exam.
10-11. Inverter-based
generation. Classification of power converter operation
modes: grid-forming, grid-feeding, grid-supporting. Basic equations and
control structures. PLL. The relevance of inertia in power systems. Inertia
from converter-connected generation. The synchronverter.
12. Small
signal stability. Time domain response of
linearized systems. Modal analysis. Case studies
13. Practical
course - Inverter control modeling (MATLAB/Simulink).
14. Modelling
of the European Power System. Overview of
challenges and solutions regarding data exchange and modelling approaches.
CGMES data format.
15-16. Load-flow. Direct solutions to linear algebraic equations:
Gauss-elimination. Iterative algorithms: Gauss-Seidel, Jacobi. Iterative
solutions to linear algebraic equations: Newton-Rhapson. The power flow
problem: network equations. Load-flow solution by Gauss-Seidel. Load-flow
solution by Newton-Raphson. Sparsity techniques. Fast decoupled load-flow. DC
load-flow.
17. Economic
dispatch. The economic dispatch problem. Effect of
various constraints.
18. SCADA/EMS
systems. Components of SCADA systems. SCADA
applications. SCADA fundamentals. RTUs/IEDs. SCADA communication. EMS
systems. EMS functionalities. PMU measurements.
|
