Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

Phenomena, definitions and laws of electromagnetic fields, characteristics of conductive, insulator and magnetic materials applied in electrotechnics, basics of network theory, methods of network analysis.

A kötelező előtanulmányi rend az adott szak honlapján és képzési programjában található.

The aim of the course is to lecture basic knowledge of power systems, which are necessary for all electrical engineers, and are also a foundation for students taking power system engineering major.

Introduction of the structure and operation of power systems, organised along the operation principles of elements and subsystems of the network. Representation of power systems, basic methods of examination of symmetrical operation. Detailing of the most important questions of asymmetrical operation from the aspect of distribution and consumer networks. Requirements of power quality and security of supply. Health effects and EMC aspects of electric and magnetic fields of the power system. Overview on the paradigm shift of different fields of power system engineering (production, transmission, service, environmental effects), the smart grid concept and other actual trends.

A) Topic of the lectures

1.      The role of electric power, general structure of the power system.

Review of electricity generation, transmission and distribution. Energy resources, power plant technologies, costs, efficiencies.

Total and electric energy consumption on domestic and international level, power losses.

Domestic power plants, large power plants in the world.

Electricity transmission, distribution and consumer systems.

2.      Analysis of three-phase symmetrical systems.

Representation of network elements, single-phase representations: generator, transformer, transmission line, external grid, short-circuit power, consumer. Analysis of three-phase networks under symmetrical conditions, calculation of networks with multiple voltage levels, use of per units. Three-phase short-circuit.

3.      Asymmetrical operation of the network

Basic of symmetrical components. Criterion of symmetry, effect of asymmetry. Basic modelling of negative and zero sequence networks. Role of the return conductor. Asymmetries caused by electric traction. Calculation of three-phase networks under asymmetrical conditions. Harmonic modelling of networks.

4.      Star point earthing methods

Methods of earthing the star point and their effect on voltage rise, insulation level and ground currents during ground faults. Review of the international practice.

5.      Network operations

Voltage drop and power conditions of a feeder, loading, voltage profile. Connection between voltage and reactive power, decrease of voltage drop and power losses. Surge impedance power of transmission lines.

6.      Control of power systems

Balance of powers, basic functions of operation, changes of demand, control of power and frequency. Limits of power transmission. Voltage and synchronous stability. Basics of voltage and reactive power control. FACTS. Effects of distributed generation and renewable sources on grid stability and control.

7.      Requirements of power supply quality

Power quality characteristics (frequency, voltage change, swings, sags, asymmetry, harmonics). Quality and reliability of supply. Principles of protection, fault detection.

8.      Electric and magnetic fields of power networks and devices.

Field of overhead lines and cables, means of reduction. Magnetic field of equipments. Physiological effects of electromagnetic fields, health limits. Aspects and limits of EMC.

9.      Price of electricity, tariff systems, basic concepts of electricity markets.

10.  Current development directions of the power industry

Concept of smart grids (network elements, operation, control). Smart metering. Demand-side management. Grid effects of e-mobility.

B) Topics of seminars:

(1)        Representation of network elements under symmetrical conditions. Interpretation and application of nominal data, illustration of magnitudes. Short-circuit power.

(2)        Calculation of networks with multiple voltage levels, using per units. Analysis of voltage conditions, calculation of currents, powers. Three-phase short-circuit.

(3)        Application of symmetrical component transformations. Determining symmetrical components of asymmetrical systems, calculation of phase quantities. Line and phase voltages. Sequence representation of networks.

(4)        Calculation of voltage drop in case of radial supply. Reactive power compensation. Calculation of power losses.

(5)        Three-phase low-voltage supply in case of balances and unbalanced load, calculation using phase quantities and symmetrical components. Determining currents, voltages and powers with and without null conductor.

(6)        Calculation of symmetrical short-circuit (single-phase-to-ground) with symmetrical components. Bauch paradox. Role of delta windings of transformers.

(7)        Current and voltage asymmetry of single-phase traction load, supplied by line voltage.

C) Topic of laboratories:

Topics of laboratories are matching the topics of lectures.

Lecture: traditional lecture, computer slides, case studies. Seminar: calculation examples following the topic of lectures. Laboratories: topics are matching the topics of lectures.

a) During the semester:     

Passing the midterm test.

Participation at laboratory practices.

Participation at seminars (70% at least).

In the beginning of seminars, short test are written. At least two of the tests has to be flawless (5). Result of unwritten tests is considered 0.

b) During the examination period:

Written exam with possible oral exam (in case the result of the written exam is at least pass (2) final mark can be upgraded by one mark).

c) Final mark is calculated as:

In case the mark of the exam is at least satisfactory, it is weighted with 70%, while the midterm test is weighted with 30%. In case the exam was not passed, final mark is fail (1).

One opportunity is provided to retake a laboratory practice or the midterm test. During repeat period, another opportunity (with extra charge) is provided to re-retake the midterm test.

Short test written at the beginning of seminars cannot be retaken.

Before midterm test and exams, at announced times. During lectures and practices. At times pre-arranged personally or via email.